2013年10月13日 星期日

川崎氏症Kawasaki disease

過去一般人以為只有中老年才會罹患的冠狀動脈疾病在最近一、二十年來也開始出現在青少年,甚至嬰幼兒。 由於經濟富裕,飲食的西化和精緻餐點的盛行,青少年肥胖的比率日增,年輕人罹患心血管疾病的病例也越來越多了。另一種近二、三十年來為小兒醫學界所熟知的嬰幼兒疾病 --- 川崎病 --- 所引起的冠狀動脈併發症也已占居小兒後天性心臟病排行榜的首位。 以下我們將介紹此一困擾著許多家有幼兒的父母的疾病。
川崎病 ( Kawasaki disease ) 乃日本小兒科教授川崎富作於1961年首度發現並提出報告。自此,世界各國陸續都有病例提出,至今病例數已不下數萬,而以日本最多。六、七零年代,川崎教授及其他學者剛提出此病時因其病變多出現在皮膚及結膜、口腔等部位,且常有頸部淋巴腺腫大情形,故稱之為黏膜皮膚淋巴腺症候群 ( Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ),之後漸漸有人稱為川崎症候群 ( Kawasaki Syndrome ),近幾年的文獻大多數醫師都直呼此病為川崎病。
川崎病好發於五歲以下的幼童,其發生率在臺灣每年每十萬名五歲以下的兒童人口中約有17至25例。 發生季節不一定,但四到六月最多。病因目前仍未明,可能是一種和感染及免疫有關的疾病。 因此,嚴格說來川崎病應該是一個症候群 ( 幾種症狀組合而成 ),因為其診斷主要是依據病人的臨床症狀。

 川崎病的診斷要件包括:

〉持續發高燒 (39-40 ° C) 超過五天,嚴重者並可延長二至三週。

〉手腳之紅斑、浮腫或皮膚脫屑,特別是指尖周圍。

〉不同型態的皮疹,廣泛分佈於四肢和軀幹。

〈四〉兩眼結膜充血,但無分泌物。

〈五〉口腔黏膜變化,如草莓舌或嘴唇紅裂甚至出血。

〈六〉急性非化膿性頸部淋巴結腫大,單側或雙側,直徑至少1.5 公分。

至少符合其中五項才可診斷為川崎症。 除了指端及肛門周圍的皮膚脫屑在發燒開始後十至二十天才出現,其餘皆在急性期出現。 另外常規血液檢查偶有貧血、白血球增多及血小板增多現象,而發炎指數 (ESR、 CRP) 亦多會昇高。
川崎病的合併症為:

〉侵犯心臟血管系統 --- 是造成川崎病患者死亡的主要原因。 約15-20% 之川崎病患者會引起冠狀動脈瘤。其中 4.7% 為巨大冠狀動脈瘤,它們幾乎不會消失,且日後較易引起血栓、鈣化、動脈狹窄和心肌梗塞;約有1-2%病患因而死亡,但幾乎都在病發後一個星期內發生。至於較常見的中、小型冠狀動脈瘤,80% 會在五年內消失。另外也會引起心肌炎和心外膜炎。因此心臟超音波為不可或缺的檢查。

〉約40% 病患有關節痛而其中30% 病患有急性關節炎,常出現在疾病發作後兩星期內。

〉膽囊水腫之發生率約 5-13.7% ,也多在疾病發作後兩星期內出現。

〈四〉腸道假性阻塞。
〈五無菌性腦膜炎。
在治療方面:急性期給予高劑量之阿斯匹靈和靜脈注射免疫球蛋白。恢復期給予低劑量之阿斯匹靈,若無冠狀動脈異常則持續治療六到八週,若有冠狀動脈異常則需長期治療。使用免疫球蛋白可將冠狀動脈瘤之發生率由15-20% 降至5%,並將巨大冠狀動脈瘤之發生率由 4.7% 降至1.2%,且越早使用效果越好。
長期追蹤治療可依據其冠狀動脈變化而有不同之建議:

〉若患者無合併冠狀動脈異常或其冠狀動脈異常已消失,無需長期服用阿斯匹靈或限制活動。心臟超音波每兩星期檢查一次,為期三個月。

〉若患者合併小型冠狀動脈瘤,需長期服用低劑量之阿斯匹靈直至血管變化消失,除非壓力測驗有明顯異常否則不必限制活動。

〉若患者合併多處或大型冠狀動脈瘤,需長期服用低劑量之阿斯匹靈,並限制做激烈運動活動。若合併心肌缺血症或陽性壓力測驗,應考慮作心導管檢查。

〈四〉若患者有一條以上的冠狀動脈阻塞,則須考慮作手術治療。

近年來在成人心臟科常使用的冠狀動脈氣球導管擴張術經許多文獻證實並不適用於嬰幼兒川崎病的冠狀動脈狹窄。 因為經過厲害的發炎反應後形成的動脈瘤或狹窄其疤痕組織及纖維化若冒然強迫撐開頗為危險。 在日本就有因川崎病冠狀動脈狹窄施行氣球導管擴張術而造成猝死的例子。

2 則留言:

  1. My name is Donald boykins , and I am here to thank Dr Akhigbe for using his herbal medicine to cure my Herpes virus. Is about 3 years and 6 months now I have been living with this virus and it has been a serious problem to me, I was so confused cause i have been taking several drugs to be cured but all of my effort was in vain,one morning I was browsing through the internet then I saw several testimonies about Dr. Akhigbe curing people from Herpes virus and immediately i contacted Dr. Akhigbe on his email: drrealakhigbe@gmail.com, i told him about my troubles and he told me that i must be cured, he gave me some instructions and which i rightly followed. so he prepared a herbal medicine and sent it to me which i used for 2 weeks and i was cured everything was like a dream to me and my Herpes virus was totally gone, dr .Akhigbe, God bless you and give you more power and ability for more cure.I don't know if there is anyone out there suffering for herpes virus or any of these diseases..DIABETES, CANCER,  HIV/AIDS, HERPES HEPATITiS A AND B. FEVER, EPILEPSY, MENINGITIS, DENGUE SCHIZOPHRENIA, PROSTATE, THYROID, BACTERIA, MALARIA, DICK AND BREAST ENLARGEMENT,MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, TUBERCULOSIS, DIARRHEA, POLIO,  INSOMNIA,ARTHMA, LUPUS,  RABIES, JOINT PAIN, STOMACH PAIN, HYPEROPIA, HEART DISEASE, CHRONIC DISEASE,EPILEPSY, LUPUS, STROKE, SPINAL CORD INJURY, ECZEMA, KIDNEY DISEASE, ACME,  KAWASAKI, BACK PAIN etc. why don't you contact dr.Akhigbe today and be free from your diseases because he is very good and honest Doctor and he is also called the godfather of herbal root contact him via email; drrealakhigbe@gmail.com or whatsApp him on +2349010754824
    website https:drrealakhigbe.weebly.com  

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  2. My name is Donald boykins , and I am here to thank Dr Akhigbe for using his herbal medicine to cure my Herpes virus. Is about 3 years and 6 months now I have been living with this virus and it has been a serious problem to me, I was so confused cause i have been taking several drugs to be cured but all of my effort was in vain,one morning I was browsing through the internet then I saw several testimonies about Dr. Akhigbe curing people from Herpes virus and immediately i contacted Dr. Akhigbe on his email: drrealakhigbe@gmail.com, i told him about my troubles and he told me that i must be cured, he gave me some instructions and which i rightly followed. so he prepared a herbal medicine and sent it to me which i used for 2 weeks and i was cured everything was like a dream to me and my Herpes virus was totally gone, dr .Akhigbe, God bless you and give you more power and ability for more cure.I don't know if there is anyone out there suffering for herpes virus or any of these diseases..DIABETES, CANCER,  HIV/AIDS, HERPES HEPATITiS A AND B. FEVER, EPILEPSY, MENINGITIS, DENGUE SCHIZOPHRENIA, PROSTATE, THYROID, BACTERIA, MALARIA, DICK AND BREAST ENLARGEMENT,MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, TUBERCULOSIS, DIARRHEA, POLIO,  INSOMNIA,ARTHMA, LUPUS,  RABIES, JOINT PAIN, STOMACH PAIN, HYPEROPIA, HEART DISEASE, CHRONIC DISEASE,EPILEPSY, LUPUS, STROKE, SPINAL CORD INJURY, ECZEMA, KIDNEY DISEASE, ACME,  KAWASAKI, BACK PAIN etc. why don't you contact dr.Akhigbe today and be free from your diseases because he is very good and honest Doctor and he is also called the godfather of herbal root contact him via email; drrealakhigbe@gmail.com or whatsApp him on +2349010754824
    website https:drrealakhigbe.weebly.com  

    回覆刪除