醫院常見細菌整理

醫http://youthyear.blogspot.tw/2011/03/blog-post.html院常見細菌整理

依Gram's stain分4大類：GPC(2), GPB, GNC(2), GNB

GPC: 有2種- Staphylcoccus, Streptococcus

Staphylcocci

Coagulase(+): Staphylcoccus aureus
Coagulase(-): CONS類如Staphylcoccus epidemis (表皮菌)

Streptococci

Hemolytic

β-hemolytic(完全溶血)

1. Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A, 造成pharyngitis & tonsillitis, necrotizing fascilitis)
2. Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B, 陰道normal flora, 造成neonatal meningitis)

α-hemolytic(部份溶血)
此类细菌致病力不强，多为条件致病菌。在人类呼吸道及肠道中有α型溶血链球菌正常寄生，但有时也可引起亚急性心内膜炎等症。

1. Streptococcus pneumonia 
2. Streptococcus viridans(牙齒上的細菌)
3. Streptococcus bovis (Group D, 造成endocarditis)

Non-hemolytic- Enterococcus (現已從Streptococcus獨立出來)

1. Enterococcus mutans
2. Enterococcus faecalis(牙科手術)

GPB:

Aerobes(4) 李白土炭

1. Listeria (李斯特菌)
2. Corynebacterium dipheriae(白喉)
3. Nocardia (土壤菌絲, 放線菌科)
4. Bacillus anthracis (炭疽)

Anaerobes Clostridium (梭狀桿菌, 腸道菌)

1. C. perfringens
2. C. difficile
3. C. botulinum
4. C. tetani

GNC: 只有兩種

Nesseria

1. N. meningitis
2. N. gonorrhea

Moraxella catarrhalis (Pneumonia)

GNB: 最多，剩下的都在這 

• 腸道菌 (Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, PEcK)
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Yersinia pestis (黑死病)
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Mycobacteria (ex: TB, NTM)
• Bacteroides
• ...